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品味人生：咖啡英语术语
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咖啡历史-history coffee The history of coffee is as rich as the brew itself , dating back more than a thousand years. The first coffee plants are said to have come from the Horn of Africa on the shores of the Red Sea. Originally, coffee beans were taken as a food and not as a beverage. East African tribes would grind the coffee cherries together, mixing the results into a paste with animal fat. Rolled into little balls, the mixture was said to give warriors much-needed energy for battle. Later, around the year 1000 AD, Ethiopians concocted a type of wine from coffee berries, fermenting the dried beans in water. Coffee also grew naturally on the Arabian Peninsula, and it was there, during the 11th century that coffee was first developed into a hot drink.
咖啡的历史象酿造品本身一样油腻，追溯到1，000多年前。 据说第一个咖啡植物来自非洲的红海的岸上。 最初，咖啡豆认为是一种食品但不作为饮料。 非洲东部部落将一同磨碎咖啡樱桃，把结果混合进面团用厚厚动物卷成小球，据说混合物是给战斗的武士，因为他们非常需要精力。 过后，在1000年左右，埃塞俄比亚人从咖啡浆果那里调制某种酒，发酵在水内的干煸豆。 咖啡也在阿拉伯半岛上自然增长， 并且它在那里，在第11 世纪期间咖啡被首先发展成为一杯热饮料。
The so-called stimulating properties of coffee were thought by many during these ancient times to give a sort of religious ecstasy, and the drink earned a very mystical sort of reputation, shrouded in secrecy and associated with priests and doctors. So, it is not surprising that two prominent legends emerged to explain the discovery of this magic bean.
咖啡所谓刺激的特性在古代期间已被很多誉为到类似宗教狂喜， 并且被誉为是一类非常神秘的名声，秘密覆盖并且同神父和医生交往。 因此，难怪两个突出的传奇出现解释这粒魔术豆的发现。
According to one story, a goat-herder noticed that his herd became friskier than usual after consuming the red cherries of a wild coffee shrub. Curious, he tasted the fruit himself. He was delighted by its invigorating effects, and was even spotted by a group of nearby monks dancing with his goats. Soon the monks began to boil the bean themselves and use the liquid to stay awake during all-night ceremonies. The other story is about a Muslim dervish who was condemned by his enemies to wander in the desert and eventually die of starvation. In his delirium, the young man heard a voice instructing him to eat the fruit from a nearby coffee tree. Confused, the dervish tried to soften the beans in water, and when this failed, he simply drank the liquid. Interpreting his survival and energy as a sign of God, he returned to his people, spreading the faith and the recipe.
有一个故事，一个山羊牧人注意到在消耗一根狂热的咖啡灌木的红樱桃之后，他的牛群变得比通常欢跃。 他很好奇，于是他亲自品尝水果。 他通过它鼓舞的影响很高兴，并且甚至在僧侣带着他的山羊跳舞附近被一组认出。 不久那些僧侣开始煮豆本身并且使用液体在整夜典礼期间保持醒着。其它故事是关于被敌人谴责徘徊在沙漠并且最终死于饥饿的一名穆斯林苦修僧人。 在他的神智昏迷过程中，年轻人听到一种声音指示他从一棵附近咖啡树吃水果。 被把弄糊涂，苦修僧人努力在水里变软豆，并且当这失败时，他仅仅喝液体。 理解他的生存和精力为一个上帝的标志，他返回后，开始传播信任和烹饪法。
咖啡馆menu常见咖啡品种英文介绍
Decaf Coffee - Decaffeination is the process of removing most of the caffeine that naturally occurs in coffee.
Specialty Coffee - Coffees that have been mixed with flavoring agents while in their roasted whole bean state.
Iced Coffee - Regular coffee served cold with ice.
Café Au Lait - Is a French coffee drink prepared by mixing coffee and steamed milk. It is similar to Italian latte, but with coffee instead of espresso.
Espresso - Is a strong, flavorful coffee brewed by forcing hot water through finely ground coffee beans. Espresso differs greatly from the common drip brewed coffee drink in its thick concentrated consistency, and robust flavor.
Double Espresso - Two shots of Espresso!
Triple Espresso - Three shots of Espresso!
Caffè Americano - Literally, American coffee. It may simply be brewed coffee in a coffee cup, or espresso diluted with an equal amount of hot water, and then served in a coffee cup.
Caffè Latte - One or more shots of espresso topped with steamed milk, then a 1/4-inch of foam (less than a cappuccino). A latte typically contains more milk than a cappuccino.
Caffè con Panna - Espresso topped with a dollop of whipped cream.
Cappuccino - Is an Italian beverage, prepared with espresso and milk. A cappuccino is defined as espresso, 1/3 steamed milk and 1/3 frothed milk. A cappuccino differs from a latte, which is mostly milk and little foam.
Caffè Mocha - A coffee-chocolate drink that is prepared by adding chocolate syrup to a cappuccino or latte, and then topping it all with a great big dollup of whipped cream.
Caffè Macchiato - Espresso with a small amount of steamed milk foam on the top.
White Chocolate Mocha - A Caffè Mocha with added white chocolate flavor.
Vanilla Cappuccino - A Cappuccino with vanilla syrup.
Caramel Cappuccino - A Cappuccino with caramel syrup.
Iced Latte - A Caffè Latte served cold with ice.
Iced Cappuccino - A Cappuccino served cold with ice.
Iced Caffè Mocha - A Caffè Mocha served cold with ice.
Iced Macchiato - A Macchiato served cold with ice.
Iced Double Espresso - A Double Espresso served cold with ice.
Iced White Chocolate Mocha - A White Chocolate Mocha served cold with ice.
Iced Vanilla Cappuccino - A Vanilla Cappuccino served cold with ice.
Iced Caramel Cappuccino - A Caramel Cappuccino served cold with ice.
Cappuccino Frappe - Made in a blender, this icy cold version of a Cappaccino is perfect for the summer.
Caffè Mocha Frappe - Made in a blender, this icy cold version of a Caffè Mocha is perfect for the summer.
Vanilla Frappe - Made in a blender, this icy cold version of a Vanilla Cappaccino is perfect for the summer.
Caramel Frappe - Made in a blender, this icy cold version of a Caramel Cappaccino is perfect for the summer.
Quadruple Espresso - Can't wakeup, 4 shots of espresso will do the trick!
6 Pack Espresso - When you absolutely, positively have to stay up all week, the 6 Pack Espresso is for you. Six shots of espresso pack quite a wallop!
Chocolate Milk - Steamed milk mixed with chocolate.
White Hot Chocolate - Steamed milk mixed with white chocolate.
Tea - Hot herbal tea served with sugar, milk or honey.
Iced Tea - Iced herbal tea served.
Lemonade - Lemon, water and ice. Just like the kids make!
咖啡的风格术语
Flavor【风味】
是香气、酸度、与醇度的整体印象，可以用来形容对比咖啡的整体感觉。
Acidity【酸度】
是所有生长在高原的咖啡所具有的酸辛、强烈的特质。此处所指的酸辛与苦味或发酸（sour）不同，也无关酸碱值，而是促使咖啡发挥提振心神、与涤清味觉等功能的一种清新、活泼的特质。
Body【醇度】
是调理完成的咖啡饮用后的，在舌头对咖啡留有的口感。醇度的变化可分为清淡如水到淡薄、中等、高等、脂状，甚至某些印尼的咖啡如糖浆般浓稠。
Aroma【气味】
Aroma是指调理完成后，咖啡所散发出来的气息与香味。Bouquet是比较不常用的字，专指研磨咖啡粉的味道。Aroma通常具有特异性，并且是综合性。用来形容气味（Aroma）的词包括：焦糖味、碳烤味、巧克力味、果香味、草味、麦芽味、浓郁、丰富、香辛等。
Bitter【苦味】
苦是一种基本味觉，感觉区分布在舌根部分。深色烘焙法的苦味是刻意营造出来的，但最常见的苦味发生原因，是咖啡粉用量过多，而水太少。苦味并不是发酸（sour）的同意字。
Bland【清淡】
生长在低地的咖啡，口感通常相当清淡、无味。咖啡粉份量不足、而水太多的咖啡，也会造成同样的清淡效果。
Briny【咸味】
咖啡冲泡后，若是加热过度，将会产生一种含盐的味道。有部分咖啡店的咖啡属于这种味道。
Earthy【泥土的芳香】
通常用来形容辛香而具有泥土气息的印尼咖啡。但这些所指的泥味并非指咖啡豆沾上泥土的味道。某些商业用咖啡会以廉价的咖啡混合，其中所含的泥味可能会变的脏脏的，这显然是因为将咖啡豆铺在地上进行干燥、粗操的加工技术所造成的。
Exotic【独特性】
形容咖啡具有独树一格的芳香与特殊气息，如花卉、水果、香料般的甜美特质。东非与印尼所产的咖啡，通常具有这种特性。
Mellow【芳醇】
是对低至中酸度、平衡性佳的咖啡所形容的形容词。
Mild【温和】
表示某种咖啡具有调和、细致的风味。生长于高原的拉丁美洲高级咖啡，通常被形容为质地温和。此外、它也是一种咖啡界的术语，用来指所有除了巴西生产的高原咖啡。
Soft【柔润】
形容如印尼咖啡般的低酸度咖啡；亦可以形容为芳醇或香甜。
Sour【发酸】
一种感觉区主要位于舌头后侧的味觉，是浅色烘焙咖啡的特点。
Spicy【香辛】
指一种令人联想到某种特定香料的风味或气味。某种印尼所产的高原咖啡（尤其是陈年咖啡），蕴含小荳蔻般香甜的气味。
Strong【浓烈】
就技术上而言，形容的是各种味觉优缺点的多寡，或指特定的调理成品中，咖啡与水的相对比例。就通俗的用法而言，浓烈形容的是深色烘焙咖啡强烈的风味。此外，它也误导人们产生含有大量咖啡因的错觉。事实上，咖啡因含量高的是罐装的清淡咖啡，因为其中含有较多的低因咖啡。
Sweet【香甜】
是一种普遍使用的形容词，本质上几乎像是水果味，与酒味也有关。生长于哥斯达黎加高原的咖啡通常具有辛烈的风味。
Wild【狂野】
形容咖啡具有极端的口味特性。一般人若是无法接受的话，会称之为古怪，但也可能是吸引的特色，看个人喜好了。
Winy【葡萄酒味】
形容一种令人联想到葡萄酒般的迷人风味。水果般的酸度与滑润的醇度，所营造出来的对比特殊风味。肯亚咖啡便是含有葡萄酒风味的最佳典范。
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