Passage Two Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:
No one should be forced to wear a uniform under any circumstance. Uniforms are demanding to the human spirit and totally unnecessary in a democratic society. Uniforms tell the world that the person who wears one has no value as an individual but only lives to function as a part of a whole. The individual in a uniform loses all self-worth.
There are those who say that wearing a uniform gives a person a sense of identification with a larger, more important concept. What could be more important than the individual himself? If an organization is so weak that it must rely on cloth and buttons to inspire its members, that organization has no right to continue its existence. Others say that the practice of making persons wear uniforms, say in a school, eliminates all envy and competition in the matter of dress, such that a poor person who cannot afford good-quality to be belittled by a wealthy person who wears expensive quality clothing. Those persons conveniently ignore such critical concepts as freedom of choice, motivation, and individuality. If all persons were to wear the same clothing, why would anyone strive to be better? It is only a short step from forcing everyone to drive the same car, have the same type of foods. When this happens, all incentive to improve one’s life is removed. Why would parents bother to work hard so that their children could have a better life than they had when they know that their children are going to be forced to have exactly the same life that they had?
Uniforms also hurt the economy. Right now, billions of dollars are spent on the fashion industry yearly. Thousands of persons are employed in designing, creating and marketing different types of clothing. If everyone were forced to wear uniforms, artistic personnel would be unnecessary. Sales persons would be superfluous as well; why bother to sell the only items that are available? The wearing of uniforms would destroy the fashion industry, which in turn would have a ripple effect on such industries as advertising and promotion. Without advertising, newspapers, magazines, and television would not be able to remain in business. One entertainment industry would collapse.
26.The author’s primary purpose in writing this passage was to ____. A）plead for the abolishment of uniforms B）show that uniforms are not possible in a democratic society C）advocate stronger governmental controls on the wearing of uniforms D）convince the reader that uniforms have more disadvantages than advantages
27.Why does the author discuss forcing everyone to buy the same car or eat the same food? A) To show that freedom of choice is absolute. B) To show that the government has interfered too much in the lives of individual. C) To suggest what would happen if uniforms became compulsory. D) To predict the way the society will be in the next few generations.
28.Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the author? A) The person who wears a uniform has no self-worth. B) Wearing a uniform gives a person a sense of identification with a larger concept. C) Uniforms will hurt one entertainment industry. D) Envy and competition are incentive to improve one’s life.
29.The word “superfluous” (Para. 3) most probably means ____. A) indispensable B) availableC) surplus D) supplementary
30.The next paragraph in this passage might discuss____. A) the positive effects of wearing uniforms B) more negative effects of wearing uniforms C) alternative to wearing uniforms D) the legal rights of those not wishing to wear uniforms
Passage Two 内容概要:本文讨论了在任何情况下，都不能强迫一个人穿制服。制服的作用在于告诉人们穿制服的个人是没有价值的，他只不过是集体的一部分。有人认为穿制服给人一种集体认同感，但这世上还有什么比个人更重要的呢？也有人认为穿制服的做法，比如说穿校服，能够消除人们之间的羡慕与竞争，至少在服装方面是这样的，但是没有了羡慕和竞争，也就自然没有了激励人们改善生活的上进心。另外，穿制服对信息工业和娱乐业也产生负面影响。 26.【答案】D。 【译文】根据短文得知，作者写这篇文章的主要目的是说服读者制服的缺点比优点多。 【试题分析】主旨题。通过文章的主题句以及各段落主题句可以得知答案。 【详细解答】见文章开篇段第一句No one should be forced to wear a uniform under any circumstance可以看出，穿制服不好，接下来简要说明原因：Uniforms are demanding to the human spirit and totally unnecessary in a democratic society. Uniforms tell the world that the person who wears one has no value as an individual but only lives to function as a part of a whole. The individual in a uniform loses all self-worth。所以答案为D。 27.【答案】C。 【译文】根据短文得知，强迫每个人买同样的车，吃同样的食物，作者举这两个例子是用来说明如果强迫人们穿制服，会是什么结果。 【试题分析】类比题。通过类比的例子可以得知答案。 【详细解答】见It is only a short step from forcing everyone to drive the same car, have the same type of foods. When this happens, all incentive to improve one’s life is removed. 如果每个人都被迫做同样的事，包括被迫穿制服，那么其结果是all incentive to improve one’s life is removed。因而答案为C。 28.【答案】B。 【译文】根据短文得知，穿制服给人一种集体认同感，这一说法是错误的。 【试题分析】是非题。一误三正，通过选项对应文章中的细节可以得知答案。 【详细解答】见第一段最后一句The individual in a uniform loses all self-worth, A说法是对的。根据第二段第一句There are those who say that wearing a uniform gives a person a sense of identification with a larger, more important concept，有人赞成穿制服gives a person a sense of identification with a larger, more important concept，但接下来一句What could be more important than the individual himself?反驳了该观点，因而B说法不对。根据文章最后三句：The wearing of uniforms would destroy the fashion industry, which in turn would have a ripple effect on such industries as advertising and promotion. Without advertising, newspapers, magazines, and television would not be able to remain in business. One entertainment industry would collapse。特别是根据最后一句可以看出，C说法是对的。根据第二段里的意思: envy and competition...It is only a short step from forcing everyone to drive the same car, have the same type of foods. When this happens, all incentive to improve one’s life is removed. 人们失去了envy and competition，什么都要求一致，也就失去了改善生活的动力，从正面来说，答案为B。 29.【答案】C。 【译文】根据短文得知，推销员也成了多余的了。 【试题分析】词义题。通过上下文可以得知答案。 【详细解答】见第三段里的If everyone were forced to wear uniforms, artistic personnel would be unnecessary. Sales persons would be superfluous as well，特别是as well, 可以看出superfluous与unnecessary是近义词，因而答案是C。 30.【答案】B。 【译文】根据短文得知，这篇文章的下一段将可能进一步讨论穿制服的负面影响。 【试题分析】推断题。通过文章的宏观结构可以得知答案。 【详细解答】见文章开篇第一句即主题句，说“在任何情况下都不能强迫一个人穿制服。”以下两段从不同方面说明穿制服不好，文章没有结尾，接下来可能继续讨论穿制服不好。所以答案是B。
to be belittled by a wealthy person who wears expensive quality clothing. Those persons conveniently ignore such critical concepts as freedom of choice, motivation, and individuality. If all persons were to wear the same clothing, why would anyone strive to be better? It is only a short step from forcing everyone to drive the same car, have the same type of foods. When this happens, all incentive to improve one’s life is removed. Why would parents bother to work hard so that their children could have a better life than they had when they know that their children are going to be forced to have exactly the same life that they had?
entertainment industry would collapse. 
