Passage 2 Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:
Andrew Carnegie, American industrialist and philanthropist, made a fortune by manufacturing iron and steel protected by custom tariff. In 1873, on one of his frequent trips to England, he met Henry Bessemer and became convinced that the industrial future lay in steel. He built the J. Edgar Thomson Steel Mills near Pittsburgh, and from that moment on, the Carnegie empire was one of constant expansion. Later on, the Carnegie Steel Co. became an immense organization. It included all the processes of steel production from the great furnaces and finishing mills of Pittsburgh to the inroads and lake steamers that move the ores and the finished products.
Like his grandfather, Andrew Carnegie did not abandon the radical idealism of his forebears for the benefit of the working class and the poor people. In spite of his espousal of Herbert Spencer’s philosophy and the social Darwinism of the period Carnegie remained deeply committed to many of the Charitist ideals of his boyhood.He believed in the social responsibility of the man of wealth to society. He must serve as a steward for the fortune he has earned and use that fortune to provide greater opportunity for all and to increase man’s knowledge of himself and of his universe. Furthermore, Carnegie considered that the dispensation of wealth for the benefit of society must never be in the form of free charity but rather must be as a buttress to the community’s responsibility for its own people.
When Carnegie died in Lenox. Mass., on August 11,1919, most of his fortune was already gone. People wonder that if Carnegie had known this when he was alive, he would have spread most of his wealth to the poor people.
26. Garnegie was able to develop his vast industrial fortunes ______. A) with the act of five enterprise system B) through large loans from the American government C) because the American government had special tariffs to protect the American steel and iron industry D) because he had relatives in the English steel industry
27. Carnegie followed his ancestors’ footsteps ______. A) by developing a large industrial company B) in caring for and improving benefits for the worker and the poor C) by furthering Spencer’s philosophy D) by being a follower of social Darwinism
28. The industry Carnegie was not concerned with was ______. A) the manufacturing of steel B) the transporting of the finished product C) the movement of raw materials D) the lumber business
29. Carnegie’s trips to England ______. A) were purely for pleasure and visiting relatives B) introduced him to the Charitist ideals which would influence his life C) helped him gain steel contracts with the British industrialists D) led him to believe that the industrial future would be with steel
30. Which happened first? A) The foundation of the Carnegie Steel Co. B) The introduction of Charitist ideals. C) The foundation of the J. Edgan Thomson Steel Mills. D) Andrew Carnegie’s trips to Great Britain.
Passage Two 短文大意：在美国政府制定的旨在保护美国钢铁工业的特别关税的保护下，卡内基迅速地发展了其巨额工业财产。象他祖父一样，他没有放弃其祖先为工人阶级谋利益的基本理想主义。1919年8月11日卡内基去世时，他的绝大多数财产已耗尽。 26. 【参考译文】卡内基之所以能够发展其巨额工业资产是____。【试题分析】本题是道推理判断题。【详细解答】为什么卡内基能够发展其工业巨额资产不是因为通过向政府贷款，也不是它在钢铁工业方面有亲戚，而是通过美国所提供的优惠的关税政策才使得其在钢铁工业方面有巨大的发展。从文中开头的第一句话就可以看出本题答案之所在：Andrew Carnegie, American industrialist and Philanthropist, made a fortune by manufacturing iron and steel protected by custom tariff.（美国企业家兼慈善家安德鲁?卡内基通过受到关税保护的钢铁冶炼业赚取了巨额财产。）关税是一个国家财政的重要部分，而且都是由政府控制的，钢铁的进出口关税自然由政府控制。从题中可以看出，卡内基的钢铁制造业受到关税保护，自然是受到了政府的保护。因此C项是本题的正确答案。 27. 【参考译文】卡内基通过什么来步其祖先的后尘。【试题分析】本题是道细节题。【详细解答】从短文第二段的第一句话中可以看出本题的答案之所在：Like his grandfather, Andrew Carnegie did not abandon the radical idealism of his forebears for the benefit of the working class and the poor people.（安德鲁?卡内基象他的祖父一样，没有放弃其祖先为工人阶级和穷人谋利益的基本理想主义。）因此B项符合本题题意。 28. 【参考译文】卡内基并不关心的行业是____。【试题分析】本题测试的是分析判断能力。【详细解答】卡内基是钢铁巨子，钢铁制造业是他关心的首选，因此A项应首先排除。成品出来后无论出口与否，首先要解决运输问题，因此B项也是他所关心的主要范围。钢铁的发展首先要解决原材料和运输问题，因此C项也应排除。伐木业他最不关心的行业。D项符合题意。 29. 【参考译文】卡内基的英国之行使他____。【试题分析】本题测试的是文章的细节部分。【详细解答】答案可以在文章的第一段第二句话中找到：In 1873, on one of his frequent trips to England, he met Henry Bessemer and became convinced that the industrial future lay in steel.（1873年，在他频繁的英国之行中，有一次见了亨利?贝西默，并且他相信工业的未来在钢铁业。）因此，卡内基的英国之行，既不是为了游山玩水访亲问友，也不是同英国企业家签定合同，更不是引导他走向影响他一生的慈善事业，而是使他相信工业的未来是钢铁。因此D项符合本题题意。 30. 【参考译文】以下哪种情况首先发生？【试题分析】本题考查的是分析判断能力。【详细解答】从以上各项事情发生的顺序来看，B项首先发生，因为卡内基在孩童时代就受到慈善事业的影响，这在短文第二段的第二句话中可以看出：In spite of his espousal of Herert Spencer’s philosophy and the social Darwinism of the period, Carnegie remained deeply committed to many of the Charitist ideals his boyhood.（尽管卡内基赞成赫伯特、斯潘塞的哲学和当时社会上流行的达尔文主义，但是卡内基从孩童时代就对许多慈善的理想深信不疑。）儿童时代就对慈善事业表示关注，因此B项（慈善理想的引导）符合本题的题意。
