Passage 3 Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:
Monkeys and chimpanzees (黑猩猩)，although they are weaker and less fierce than many other animals, possess brains which are 55 far along the evolutionary road as any creature other than man. Birds can perform marvels of aerobatics (特技飞行), they can catch insects on the wing with unparalleled skill, they can navigate in a remarkable manner half round the world and back—but they cannot think and reason. In technical terms it can be said that they are lacking in insight. The abilities which they do possess are built-in instincts derived from their genetic inheritance. Monkeys, on the other hand, can reason. They can easily remember a lighted door indicating the presence of food. They can remember what kind of food they are looking for. A monkey set the problem of reaching a banana, say, hung high up in its cage, can work out a system for getting it even if it involves piling up boxes to stand on and then knocking down the banana with a stick. A charming story is told about the psychologist Wolfgang Kobler, who had provided various boxes and other apparatuses by which he proposed to test a chimpanzee’s ability to think out a method of reaching a fruit hung nine feet in the air. The animal looked about it and sized up the problem. Then it took Kobler by the hand, led him to a position immediately under the banana, jumped up on to his shoulder and reached it down from there.
But evolution, although it has brought monkeys to a remarkable degree of cleverness, has stopped short at a crucial ability, the possession of which places man at a clearly superior level. Their minds cannot cope with abstract ideas. For example, an ape can be taught to fill a can with water from a barrel and take the can of water to put out a fire so that it can reach into a box and get food. But if the whole set-up is arranged on a raft (木筏) the animal will continue to draw its water only from the barrel. It can not grasp that any water， taken more,conveniently, say, from the pond on which the raft is floating, will pot out the fire just as well. The abstract idea that water puts out fire is beyond it.
31. Birds owe their remarkable abilities to ______. A) inheritance B) insightC) intelligence D) navigation
32. The superior intelligence of monkeys, compared with other creatures, apart from man, is demonstrated by ______. A) the possession of brains B) the ability to reason and think C) the memory D) the ability to cope with abstract ideas
33. Monkeys show their superiority in intelligence over other creatures apart from man by ______. A) being less fierce B) piling op boxes C) remembering lighted doors D) developing their own methods for solving problems
34. Monkeys are differentiated from man because they lack our ability to ______. A) draw water from a pond B) understand abstract ideas C) stop short and consider difficult problems D) use water to put out fires
35. Kobler’s monkey is “charming” because the monkey ______. A) chose Kobler himself as the quickest route B) successfully completed the experimen C) took Kobler by the hand D) used all the gear provided
Passage Three 短文大意： 尽管鸟类具有特技飞行的技能，但是却缺乏思维。猴子和猩猩与其他许多动物的最大区别在于他们具有思考问题的能力。与人类不同的是，他们的思维不能处理抽象概念。 31. 【参考译文】鸟类卓越的技能应归功于____。【试题分析】本题测试的是对文章细节部分的理解。 【详细解答】鸟类之所以有卓越的飞行技能主要应归功于其导航能力，因为：…they can navigate in a remarkable manner half round the world and back …（它们能够以卓越的导航方法飞行半个地球并且还能飞回原地。）如果没有这种卓越的导航能力，即使能飞半个地球，也决不可能飞回原地。因此D项符合本题题意。 32. 【参考译文】除人类以外，和其它动物相比，猴子的优越智力是____。【试题分析】本题是对分析判断能力进行测试。【详细解答】如果选A项，理由不成立，因为许多动物都有大脑，并不能说明猴子的优越智力。C项有记忆力，其它动物也有记忆力，也不能说明理由。D项除了人类之外，其它任何动物都不能处理抽象概念，所以D项更应该排除在外。只有B项才符合本题题意。从文中所举的“取香蕉”例子可以清楚地看出：“Monkeys, on the other hand, can reason.” 33. 【参考译文】猴子能在智力上显示出优于除人类之外的其它动物是____。【试题分析】本题考查的是分析综合能力。【详细解答】在本文第一段中，心理学家Wolfgany Kohler所做的实验可以看出，猴子能够想出解决问题的办法： Then it took Kohler by the hand, led him to a position immediately under the banana, jumped up on to his shoulder and reached it down from there.（于是它抓住Kohler的手，立刻带他到香蕉下方的位置，跳到他的肩上，把香蕉从那里取下来。）由此可见，D项是正确答案。 34. 【参考译文】猴子不同于人类是因为它们缺乏理解抽象概念的能力。【试题分析】本题测试的是文章的细节部分。【详细解答】文章第二段的第二句话可以清楚第回答这个问题：their minds cannot cope with abstract ideas.（它们的思维不能处理抽象概念。）从文中所举的例子更进一步证明了这一说法的正确性。因此B项符合题意。 35. 【参考译文】Kohler的猴子“可爱”是因为猴子选择Kohler本人作为最快的捷径。【试题分析】本题测试的是分析综合能力。【详细解答】为什么Kohler的猴子表现得如此可爱，主要是因为它通过动脑子来达到自己取果实的目的： Then it took Kohler by the hand, led him to a position immediately under the banana, jumped up on to his shoulder and reached it down from there.（于是它抓住Kohler的手，立刻带他到香蕉下方的位置，跳到他的肩上，把香蕉从那里取下来。）由此可见，猴子利用Kohler获取香蕉是最快的捷径。A项符合本题题意。
