三、汉译英专项练习答案及解析 一、倍数增减的表示法 1) is 2.5 times greater than Force N2 （考点：倍数 + 形容词/副词比较级 + than） 2) reacts three times as fast as the other one （考点：倍数 + as + 形容词/副词 + as） 3) is 49 times the size of the moon （考点：倍数 + 名词） 4) wants to raise the rent by a third （考点：动词 + by + 数词/百分比/倍数） 5) plan to double their investment （考点：double + 名词）
二、时态 1) or the wedding will have finished by the time we get to the church （考点：将来完成时） 2) the children had fallen asleep （考点：过去完成时） 3) my sister will be taking her vacation at the seaside （考点：将来进行时） 4) have been revising my resume all the morning （考点：现在完成进行时） 5) No. It has been five years since I went on holiday （考点：It has been … since sb. did sth. 表示某人有多长时间没有做某事了） 6) He has been in the army for 5 years （考点：1. 现在完成时；2.要用持续性动词才能接一段时间）
三、被动语态 1) is being replaced by the computer and the projector （考点：被动语态的现在进行时） 2) will have been published by the end of this year （考点：被动语态的将来完成时） 3) can be used to demonstrate the way that cells work （考点：1. 被动语态与情态动词联用; 2. 汉语有些没有“被”字等标志词的句子也表示被动, 要译成英语的被动语态） 4) I was startled, for the prices were a great deal higher than I had anticipated （考点：同“3”的考点2） 5) Effective measures must be taken immediately （考点：汉语的无主句通常翻译成英语的被动语态）
四、情态动词 1) but there is no answer. She can’t be at home （考点：情态动词可以表示可能性，can’t 表示“一定不”） 2) I may have left them in the coffee shop yesterday （考点：“情态动词can/could, may/might, must + 完成式”用于表示对过去发生的动作的主观判断）
3) You must have dreamed of something terrible （考点：同上） 4) You should have invited her to your graduation ceremony （考点：“情态动词should/ought to + have done” 用于评论过去应该做而实际并未做的动作，含有批评的意思） 5) I needn’t have put on my best suit to go to the party （考点：“情态动词needn’t + have + done”表示对过去发生的动作进行评论，认为“无须发生”，“不必做”）
五、虚拟语气 1) I had had your opportunities when I was young （考点：I wish后的that从句中用过去完成式表示过去没有实现或不可能实现的愿望） 2) he had known this disease is curable （考点：If only 引导的感叹句表示“但愿”或“要是……就好了”，用法与 I wish…基本相同） 3) painted it blue, and without any decorations （考点：would rather 后的that从句中用过去式表示不是事实） 4) measures were taken to solve the problem of traffic jams （考点：It’s (about/high) time 后的that从句中用过去式，表示“该是……的时候了”） 5) as though he were delivering a speech at an assembly （考点：as if / as though引导的从句中用过去式表示和现在事实相反或对现在情况有所怀疑） 6) Jack (should) be sent to hospital right now （考点：表示“建议、命令、要求、想法”的动词所接的宾语从句通常用“(that) sb. (should) do”的虚拟形式） 7) more mobile shops (should) be set up in the residential area （考点：表示“建议、命令、要求、想法”的动词所接的主语从句通常用“(that) sb. (should) do”的虚拟形式） 8) they (should) set up a special board/committee to examine this problem （考点：表示“建议、命令、要求、想法”的名词所接的表语从句通常用“(that) sb. (should) do”的虚拟形式） 9) the mid-term exams (should) be canceled （考点：表示“建议、命令、要求、想法”的名词所接的同位语从句通常用“(that) sb. (should) do”的虚拟形式） [表示“建议、命令、要求、想法”的动词及其名词常见的有：advise (advice), agree (agreement), decide (decision), decree, demand, determine (determination), grant, indicate (indication), insist (insistence), order, prefer (preference), propose (proposal), request, require (requirement), resolve (resolution), stipulate (stipulation), suggest(suggestion), urge, vote;常见的这类动词还有：allow, arrange, ask, beg, concede, demonstrate, ensure, intend, move, pledge, pray等] 10) we (should) be short of water in a country where it is always raining （考点：在It is/was +形容词后的that从句中常用“sb. should do”的形式表示建议惊奇等。这类形容词常见的有：advisable, anxious, appropriate, compulsory, crucial, desirable, eager, essential, fitting, imperative, important, impossible, improper, natural, necessary, obligatory, preferable, proper, urgent, vital, willing等） 11) everyone (should) be prepared for emergency （考点：同上） 12) If he had booked tickets in the way I told him （考点：在非真实条件句中用过去完成式表示与过去的事实相反） 13) if I had not been interrupted （考点：同上） 14) If it had rained, the ground would be wet （考点：在非真实条件句中，当主句与从句表示的动作不是同时发生时，就根据情况用适当的谓语动词形式） 15) If I had been living in New York （考点：同上） 16) he would be dead now （考点：同上） 17) we could not have rent a house at such a low price （考点：but for经常作为非真实条件句中if的代用语） 18) otherwise, it would have taken me more time to work out this question （考点：otherwise也经常作为非真实条件句中if的代用语） 19) I would seize the opportunity without hesitation （考点：在非真实条件句中如果有were, had, should这三个词，可以省去if，采用主谓语倒装的形式来表示条件） 20) this act would have been passed much earlier （考点：同上） 21) the continued existence of the human race would be in jeopardy （考点：同上） 22) lest he should awaken the baby （考点：lest (以免)引导的从句通常用sb. should do的形式表示虚拟）
六、不定式 1) to complete a 24-story building in 10 months （考点：不定式作主语时常用it作形式主语放在句首代替不定式，而将不定式移到谓语后面） 2) for us to have a good night’s sleep before the test （考点：有时用“介词for + 代词/名词”来表示不定式的逻辑主语，这时整句的谓语描述的对象是事情，这种情况下谓语中常用的形容词有：necessary, important, possible, impossible, all right, essential等） 3) of you to donate so much money to the people in the disaster area （考点：有时用“介词of + 代词/名词”来表示不定式的逻辑主语，这时整句的谓语描述的对象是人，这种情况下谓语中常用的形容词有：absurd, bold, brave, careful, careless, cowardly, cruel, foolish, generous, good, honest, kind, nice, polite, rude, selfish, silly, stupid, thoughtful, thoughtless, wicked, wise, wrong等） 4) not to punish those students who had been late for class （考点：1. 用不定式结构作decide的宾语；2.不定式的否定形式是在to前加not） （能带不定式作宾语的动词常见的有：afford, agree, ask, attempt, beg, begin, bother, care, choose, claim, consent, decide, demand, desire, dislike, endeavor, expect, fail, fear, forget, happen, hate, help, hesitate, hope, intend, learn, like, love, manage, mean, neglect, offer, plan, pledge, prefer, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, remember, resolve, start, threaten, undertake, venture, volunteer, vow, want, wish） 5) whether to visit their son in France （考点：“疑问词+不定式”作动词wonder的宾语。能以这种结构作宾语的动词通常有ask, consider, decide, discover, explain, forget, guess, know, learn, observe, remember, see, tell, understand, wonder等） 6) warned me just now not to water flowers at noon （考点：不定式作宾语补语） 7) invited him to give us a lecture on modern art （考点：同上） （能带不定式结构作宾语补语的动词有advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, challenge, command, compel, enable, determine, encourage, expect, feel, find, force, get, hate, have, hear, help, inform invite, let, like, make, mean, need, notice, notify, oblige, order, permit, persuade, remind, request, require, see, send, teach, tell, tempt, trouble, urge, want, warn, watch, wish等。注：划线的动词后面的不定式不带to） 8) to be the chairman of students’ union in so large a university （考点：动词 + it + 形容词/名词 + 不定式。it是形式宾语，不定式是真正宾语） 9) to apply what we have learned in class to practice （考点：不定式作定语） （不定式常用作以下名词/代词的定语：ability, ambition, anything, attempt, capability, chance, curiosity, desire, decision, determination, effort, failure, intention, need, nothing, opportunity, place, plan, promise, reason, right, something, tendency, time, way, wish等） 10) ruined our plan to show the film in the open air （考点：同上） 11) the decision to build a nuclear power station in the suburbs （考点：同上） 12) American woman to explore the outer space （考点：由only, last, next，序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用不定式作定语） 13) only to drop it on their own feet （考点：不定式作结果状语） 14) to meet a high school classmate in the mountain village （考点：不定式作原因状语） 15) to have taken up so much of your time （考点：1. 不定式作原因状语；2. 不定式的完成时） 16) to be standing in the doorway when he rushed in （考点：不定式的进行式） 17) to be treated as a guest （考点：不定式的被动形式） 18) go to the campus bookstore to buy used books （考点：不带to的不定式） 19) but play bridge the whole day （考点：同上） 20) to wipe our feet on the mat before going into the room （考点：当动词see, make, hear等用于被动语态时，不定式要保留to）
七、分词 1) “Happy birthday to you” sung in Italian （考点：分词作宾语补语） （catch, discover, feel, find, get, have, hear, keep, leave, make, notice, see, watch等动词常用分词形式作宾语补语） 2) parked in the fire lane （考点：分词作定语） 3) killing thousands upon thousands of people （考点：分词作结果状语） 4) raising the average yield by 15 percent （考点：同上） 5) trying to deduce its operating principle （考点：分词作伴随状语） 6) Seeing that everyone was bending over his/her book （考点：分词作原因状语） 7) Deeply moved by the boy’s deeds （考点：同上） 8) Seen from the eyes of a young friend （考点：分词作方式状语） 9) Not having heard from his parents for a long time （考点：1. 分词作原因状语；2.分词的否定形式；3.现在分词的完成式）
八、动名词 1) Taking a cold bath every day （考点：动名词作主语） 2) making their daughter do what she didn’t like to do （考点：动名词作动词的宾语） （下列动词后的宾语只能是动名词而不能是不定式：admit, advise, allow, anticipate, appreciate, avoid, delay, deny, dislike, dread, encourage, enjoy, escape, excuse, fancy, finish, can’t help, imagine, keep, mind, miss, permit, postpone, practice, prevent, propose, recall, recollect, resent, resist, risk, can’t stand, stop, suggest） 3) getting our goods into the international market （考点：动名词作介词的宾语） 4) crying over spilled milk （考点：动名词用于固定结构。动名词经常与以下词组连用：be worth, have difficulty (in), it be no good/use/worthwhile, there be no need/no point in, how/what about, what’s the point of, what’s the use of） 5) having peeked at his neighbor’s test paper （考点：动名词的完成式） 6) being promoted to manager （考点：动名词的被动式）
九、非谓语动词用法区别 1) working very hard. （考点：mean表示“意味着”） 2) to drive there, but his car broke down （考点：mean表示“打算”） （类似需要区别的动词还有forget, remember, regret, go on, stop等） 3) talking to his mother （考点：强调正在进行） 4) talk to his mother for an hour （考点：强调整个过程） 5) only to break his own leg （考点：意料之外的结果） 6) breaking his legs （考点：意料之中的结果） 7) to see his parents in good health （考点：不定式作原因状语位于句末） 8) Seeing his parents safe and sound （考点：分词作原因状语位于句首） 9) Following its footprints （考点：现在分词强调主动） 10) followed by two body guards （考点：过去分词强调被动）
十、名词从句 1) Why they left their hometown for Yunnan （考点：主语从句） 2) What confused me most （考点：同上） 3) That this was done on purpose （考点：同上） 4) who should be responsible for this matter （考点：较长的主语从句可以后置，用it作形式主语） 5) whom Mary is engaged to （考点：同上） 6) what can be done today （考点：宾语从句） 7) what I have been looking for （考点：表语从句） 8) whether/if robots will one day have vision as good as human vision （考点：whether/if引导后置的主语从句） 9) Whether she likes the present （考点：whether引导前置的主语从句） 10) whether I should ask for another loan （考点：whether引导表语从句） 11) whether they will support us （考点：whether引导宾语从句） 12) whether I can count on your vote （考点：whether引导同位语从句） （9-12中的whether不可以替换为if） 13) that the Government could do nothing to raise their wages （考点：同位语从句） 14) that the chairman would agree to this proposal （考点：同上）
十一、定语从句 1) the house where Lu Xun was born （考点：先行词为地点，定语从句通常由where引导） 2) on the day when his son arrived （考点：先行词为时间，定语从句通常由when引导） 3) the reason why I am in favor of this reform （考点：先行词为reason，定语从句通常由why引导） 4) a triangle whose three sides are of unequal length （考点：whose引导的定语从句） 5) which made our journey more difficult （考点：非限制性定语从句） 6) most of whom were English majors （考点：同上） 7) As is known to all （考点：as 引导的定语从句）
十二、状语从句 1) Whatever we talk about （考点：让步状语从句） 2) Whichever side wins （考点：同上） 3) However hard some people in the audience tried to upset him （考点：同上） 4) so that we might get a better view （考点：目的状语从句） 5) that it took us nearly two weeks to solve it （考点：结果状语从句） 6) as long as you promise to be back before 11 at night （考点：条件状语从句） 7) as if it happened yesterday （考点：方式状语从句） 十三、比较级最高级 1) as gracefully as her sister （考点：同级比较） 2) far uglier in London than here （考点：用副词或词组来修饰比较级） 3) one of the best pictures that he has ever painted （考点：最高级） 4) the thinner the air becomes （考点：“越……越……”结构）
十四、倒装句 1) when a knock at the door awakened her （考点：Hardly…when…结构） 2) than she fell ill （考点：No sooner…than…结构） 3) Nor did the wife say a word of welcome. （考点：nor表示“后者与前者一样地不……”） 4) did the doctor realize that his patient needed surgery （考点：only引导的状语位于句首，句子倒装） 5) can we conclude the business （考点：同上） 十五、强调句 1) It was Jefferson who wrote （考点：强调主语） 2) It is with genuine feeling that the author（考点：强调状语） 3) It was because the water had risen that（考点：强调状语从句） 4) It was Jim, the heartless fellow, who was heard（考点：强调主语） 5) It was not until I told her that（考点：强调状语从句）
