2009年英语六级考前模拟冲刺试题（卷4）阅读
Section A
There’s no question that the Earth is getting hotter. The real questions are: How much of the warming is our fault, and are we 47 to slow the devastation by controlling our insatiable 48 for fossil fuels?
Global warming can seem too 49 to worry about, or too uncertain-something projected by the same computer 50 that often can’t get next week’s weather right. On a raw winter day you might think that a few degrees of warming wouldn’t be such a bad thing anyway. And no doubt about it: Warnings about 51 change can sound like an environmentalist scare tactic, meant to force us out of our cars and restrict our lifestyles。
Comforting thoughts, perhaps. Unfortunately, however, the Earth has some discomforting news. From Alaska to the snowy peaks of the Andes the world is heating up right now, and fast. Globally, the 52 is up 1°F over the past century, but some of the coldest, most remote spots have warmed much more. The results aren’t pretty. Ice is 53 , rivers are running dry, and coasts are 54 , threatening communities。
The 55 are happening largely out of sight. But they shouldn’t be out of mind, because they are omens of what’s in store for the 56 of the planet。
［A］remote［B］techniques［C］consisting［D］rest［E］willing
［F］climate［G］skill［H］appetite［I］melting［J］vanishing
［K］eroding［L］temperature［M］curiosity［N］changes［O］skillful
SectionB
Passage One
Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage。
There are many ways of defining success. It is accurate to say that each of us has our own concept of success to the extent that each of us is responsible for setting our own goals and determining whether we have met these goals satisfactorily. Because each of us possesses unique differences in genetic ability and favorable environments in which to express these abilities, it is necessarily true that we must define success broadly。
For some people, simply being able to live their life with a minimum of misery and suffering is considered a success. Think of the peace of mind of the poor shepherd who tends his sheep, enjoys his frugal life with his family in the beauty of nature, and who is respected because he does a good job of achieving the goals expected of and accepted by him and his society. On the other hand, it seems that even though some people appear to be rich in material possessions, many of them seem to be miserable and consider themselves unsuccessful when judged by their own goals of success. Because not all ventures can be successful, one should not set unrealistic goals for achieving success, but if one has selfconfidence it would be unfortunate to set one’s goals at too low a level of achievement。
A wise counselor once said to a young man who was experiencing frustration with his own professional success: “You do not have to set your goal to reach the moon in order to have success in traveling. Sometimes one can be very successful merely by taking a walk in the park, or riding the subway downtown,” The counselor added, “You have not really failed and spoiled your chances for success until you have been unsuccessful at something you really like, and to which you have given your best effort。”
57.In the first paragraph, the author implies that____________are essential in achieving success。
［A］ability and goals ［B］goals and determination
［C］ability and environment ［D］goals and environment
58.The word “frugal”(Line 2, Para. 2) means_________。
［A］wealthy ［B］wasteful
［C］thrifty ［D］miserable
59.Some rich people consider themselves unsuccessful because___________。
［A］their life is miserable ［B］they do not live in peace
［C］their goals are too low ［D］they are not rich enough by their own standards
60.The last paragraph implies that___________。
［A］we should have high goals
［B］success means achieving great goals
［C］success means taking a walk in the park
［D］success means trying one’s best at what one really likes
61.This passage mainly talks about___________。
［A］the definition of success ［B］how to achieve success
［C］how to set goals ［D］the importance of goals
Passage Two
Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage。
Teaching children to read well from the start is the most important task of elementary schools. But relying on educators to approach this task correctly can be a great mistake.
continue to employ instructional methods that have been proven ineffective. The staying power of the “look-say” or “whole-word” method of teaching beginning reading is perhaps the most flagrant example of this failure to instruct effectively。The whole-word approach to reading stresses the meaning of words over the meaning of letters, thinking over decoding, developing a sight vocabulary of familiar words over developing the ability to unlock the pronunciation of unfamiliar words. It fits in with the self-directed, “
to learn” activities recommended by advocates (倡导者)of “open” classrooms and with the concept that children have to be developmentally ready to begin reading. Before 1963, no major publisher put out anything but these “Run-Spot-Run” readers。However, in 1955, Rudolf Flesch touched off what has been called “the great debate” in beginning reading. In his best-seller Why Johnny Can’t Read, Flesch indicted(控诉)the nation’s
for miseducating students by using the look-say method. He said—and more scholarly studies by Jeane Chall and Rovert Dykstra later confirmed—that another approach to beginning reading, founded on phonics(语音学)， is far superior。Systematic phonics first teaches children to associate letters and letter combinations with sounds; it then teaches them how to blend these sounds together to make words. Rather than building up a relatively limited vocabulary of memorized words, it imparts a code by which the pronunciations of the vast majority of the most common words in the English language can be learned. Phonics does not devalue the importance of thinking about the meaning of words and sentences; it simply recognizes that decoding is the logical and necessary first step。
62.The author feels that counting on educators to teach reading correctly is_____________ 。
［A］only logical and natural［B］the expected position
［C］probably a mistake ［D］merely effective instruction
63.The author indicts the look-say reading approach because___________ 。
［A］it overlooks decoding［B］Rudolf Flesch agrees with him
［C］he says it is boring ［D］many schools continue to use this method
64.One major difference between the looksay method of learning reading and the phonics method is____________ 。
［A］looksay is simpler［B］phonics takes longer to learn
［C］looksay is easier to teach ［D］phonics gives readers access to far more words
65.The phrase “touch off” (Line 1, Para.3) most probably means________ 。
［A］talk about shortly ［B］start or cause
［C］compare with ［D］oppose
66.According to the author, which of the following statements is true?
［A］Phonics approach regards wholeword method as unimportant。
［B］The whole-word approach emphasizes decoding。
［C］In phonics approach, it is necessary and logical to employ decoding。
［D］Phonics is superior because it stresses the meaning of words thus the vast majority of most common words can be learned。
Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)
Section A
【全文翻译】
毫无疑问，地球正变得越来越热。但是，真正的问题是：气候变暖的程度是我们的错，我们愿意通过控制我们对矿石燃料无止境的欲望来减缓地球变暖吗？
全球气候变暖似乎离我们太遥远，以至于我们无需为此担心；或者太难以确定，我们无法用计算机技术来测定，同样的计算机技术往往难以正确地预报下周的天气情况。在一个阴冷的冬日，你可能会觉得，变暖几度无论如何也不是件糟糕的事情。毫无疑问，气候变化的警告听上去就像一个环保主义者的恐吓策略，迫使我们远离汽车，限制我们的生活方式。
这些也许是安慰的想法。然而，不幸的是，地球给我们带来一些不安的消息。从阿拉斯加到安第斯山的雪峰，全球都在快速升温。上个世纪，全球温度上升了1华氏度，但是有些最冷、最偏远的地方却远不止如此。这些结果非常不妙。冰层正在融化，河流正在干枯，海岸正在受侵蚀，我们的社区正在受到威胁。
很大程度上，这些正在发生的变化处于我们的视野之外。但是，他们不应该被忽视，因为他们预示着地球的其他地方将会发生什么样的情况。
47.【解析】［E］此处应填入E项，be willing to 为固定搭配。
48.【解析】［H］此处应填入一个名词，而appetite通常和介词for搭配，此处句子的意思为控制我们无止境的欲望。
49.【解析】［A］此处应填入一个形容词，根据上下文意思应选A项，意即：全球气候变暖似乎离我们太遥远，以至于我们无需为此担心。
50.【解析】［B］此处应填入一个名词，而与computer 搭配的名词在选项中根据上下文意思B为正确选项。
51.【解析】［F］根据上下文意思此处应表达气候变化之意，因此F为正确选项。
52.【解析】［L］该题较为简单，表示“上个世纪全球的气温上升了1华氏度”，应能迅速找出正确答案。
53.【解析】［I］显然ice 与melt 搭配，因此I为正确选项。
54.【解析】［K］此处应填入一个现在分词，表示“海岸受到侵蚀”，因此应选K项。
55.【解析】［N］该题较为简单，应填入一个复数名词，所以填入N项。
56.【解析】［D］选D项，the rest of 为固定搭配。
Section B
Passage One
【全文翻译】
定义成功有许多不同的方法。准确地说，我们每个人都有自己的成功理念。在某种程度上，我们每个人都有责任设定自己的目标，确定我们是否能满意地实现这些目标。在遗传能力以及适合这些遗传能力表达的环境方面，我们每个人都具有独特的差异性，所以毫无疑问地，我们必须从广泛的意义上来界定成功。
对于一些人来说，只要没有太大的苦难，能够活着，就是一种成功。牧羊人虽然贫穷，却心态平静。他在美丽的大自然中牧羊，与家人一起过着俭朴的生活。他之所以受人尊敬，是因为他有一份不错的工作，并为实现自己和社会所期望的目标而努力奋斗。另一方面，尽管有些人拥有大量的物质财富，但其中的许多人看起来很痛苦。他们认为自己没有成功，因为他们没有实现自己的成功目标。并不是所有的事业都能获得成功，所以一个人不应该为了获得成功而设立不切实际的目标；但是，对于一个有自信的人来说，如果设定的成功目标过低，也是一件极其不幸的事情。
一位成功的职业咨询师曾经对一名正在经历挫折的年轻人说过：“即使为了获得成功的旅行，你也没有必要把月球旅行设定为你的旅行目标。有时侯，仅仅是在公园里散步，或者乘坐地铁去市区，也可以让一个人获得成功。”他说，“只有你在为自己真正喜欢的东西付出全心的努力后却仍未能获得成功，你才是真的失败了，才是真的失去了成功的机会。”
【答案解析】
57.【解析】［C］细节题。文章第一段，作者表明要获得成功，能力和环境是很基本的条件。见文章第一段第三句话，“Because each of us possesses ...genetic ability and favorable environments .。.”由于我们每个人的天生能力和后天成长环境的不同……由此可知，C为正确答案。
58.【解析】［C］词汇题。“frugal”这个词的意思是节俭的，朴素的。见第二段第二句，“...the poor shepherd who ...enjoys his frugal life .。.”通过下文提到的拥有财富的人的对比，可以推测出该词的意思是节俭朴素的。
59.【解析】［D］细节题。有些富人并不觉得他们成功，因为以他们自己的标准他们还不够富。见文章第二段第三句，“On the other hand ...many of them ...consider themselves unsuccessful when judged by their own goals of success”根据他们自己的目标来判断，他们并不认为自己是成功的，由此可知D为正确答案。
60.【解析】［D］细节题。文章最后一段表明，成功意味着尽自己所能做自己喜欢的事情。见文章最后一句，“You have not really failed ...for success until you have been unsuccessful at something you really like .。.”在你没有尽全力做自己喜欢的事而失败之前，你的失败都不算真正的失败， 由此可推断出作者暗示成功就是尽全力做自己喜欢的事，所以D为正确答案。
61.【解析】［A］主旨题。这篇文章主要谈的是成功的定义。文章第一句话就是全文的主题句，每个人对成功的定义不同。接下来的几段也都是从不同的角度定义成功，所以A为正确答案。
Passage Two
【全文翻译】
从一开始就教孩子阅读是小学最重要的任务，但是依靠教育者正确地处理这个任务会犯重大错误。许多学校仍继续使用被证明是无效的教学方法。教授如何开始阅读的“看与说”或者“全词”教学法具有强制力，这也许是有效指导阅读失败的最好例子。
全词阅读方法强调单词的含义超过强调字母的含义，考虑把拼写和读音的关系用于阅读，发展认识熟悉单词的能力超过发展认识不熟悉单词读音的能力。它适合于教室“开放” 的倡导者们所推荐的自我指导的、“学习如何学习”的活动，也符合孩子们必须发展地准备开始阅读的理念。1963年以前的出版物都是教授使用全词阅读方法的。
然而，在1955年，Rudolf Flesch点燃了开始阅读中的“伟大辩论”。在他的畅销书《为什么约翰尼不能阅读》中，Flesch控诉公立学校使用“看与说”的方法对学生进行错误的教育。他说，另外一种建立在语音学基础上的开始阅读的方法要好得多。后来，Jeane Chall 和Rovert Dykstra证明了它是一种更学术性的学习方法。
首先，系统语音教孩子们 把字母和字母组合与读音联系在一起。然后，教他们如何把这些读音组合起来说话。它传授给孩子们一种规则，通过这种规则可以学会英语中绝大多数最常见单词的发音，而不是把记忆中相对有限的单词堆积在一起。语音学并不是贬低思考单词和句子意义的重要性，它只是承认把拼写和读音的关系用于阅读是合乎逻辑的、必要的第一步。
【答案解析】
62.【解析】［C］细节题。本题的线索是第一段的第二句话，其中的relying on educators与题干中的counting on educators 是相同的意思。
63.【解析】［A］细节题。作者先在第一段的最后一句说“looksay”或“wholeword”的阅读教学方法是失败的，第二段分析了这种方法失败的原因，是因为它“stresses the meaning of words over the meaning of letters, thinking over decoding .。.”。
64.【解析】［D］推断题。文章在最后一段谈到了phonics method的特点和好处，本题线索见该段的第二句话“Rather than building up a relatively limited vocabulary of memorized words, it imparts a code by which the pronunciations of the vast majority of the most common words in the English language can be learned”，可见这种方法能使学习者获得更大的词汇量。
65.【解析】［B］词义题。本题要求利用上下文猜测单词的意思。根据第二段的最后一句，在1963年以前，出版的东西都是教授使用whole-word的方法的，紧接着用了转折词however，说在1955年，Rudolf Flesch “touched off”一场争论，因此此处的touch off必然是“引起”的意思。
66.【解析】［C］推断题。本题要求有较好的综合能力才能做得既快又准。从第二段中综合出wholeword阅读方法的特点：强调单词的意思，没有decoding；由此即可知B、D是错的；在文章的最后一句话，作者指出Phonics does not devalue the importance of thinking about the meaning of words and sentences，所以A也是不对的。
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