英语六级考试汉译英精讲（1）

一、汉译英应试原则和基本程序

(一)汉译英应试原则
手法灵活(如遇难译之处，换用其它相近说法表达)
语法正确(避免时态、语态、单复数等语法错误)
内容忠实(必须把原文的内容准确而完整地表达出来，不得有任何歪曲、遗漏或增删)
语言闪光(译文符合英语表达习惯，且用词准确、多样)
(二)汉译英基本程序
1.理解 通读并透彻理解原文含义
2.翻译 确定译文句子的时态、句型、结构和用词
3.审校 首先检查译文是否正确地转述了原文内容，是否有错译和漏译;其次，检查是否有语言上的明显错误，如时态、语态、单复数、拼写、大小写、标点符号等。发现错误，及时改正。

二、汉译英专项练习

一、倍数增减的表示法
1) Force N1 _______________(比力N2大2.5倍).
2) This substance _______________(反应速度是另外那种物质的三倍).
3) The earth _______________(是月球大小的49倍).
4) The landlord _______________(想之一).
5) They _______________(计划将投资增加一倍).

二、时态
1) Be quick, _______________(否则等我们到达教堂时婚礼就已经结束了).
2) When she got home, _______________(孩子们已经睡着了).
3) When I prepare for the college entrance examination, _______________(我姐姐将在海边度假).
4) I_______________(一上午都在修改我的简历).
5) Do you often go on holiday? _______________(不，我已经有五年没有度假了).
6) He joined the army in October, 2001. _______________(他参军已五年了).

三、被动语态
1) The blackboard and chalk _______________(正在被电脑和投影机所取代).
2) The book _______________(到今年年底就将已出版).
3) Computer models _______________(可以用来演示细胞工作的方式).
4) When the bill of fare was brought, _______________(我惊呆了，价格大大超出了我的预料).
5) _______________(必须立即采取有效措施)to eliminate sandy storms.

四、情态动词
1) The phone is ringing, _______________(但是没人接听。她一定不在家).
2) I can’t find my sunglasses. _______________(我可能昨天落在咖啡店里了).
3) You screamed in your sleep last night. _______________(你一定梦见什么可怕的东西了).
4) It’s a pity. _______________(你本应该邀请她来参加你的毕业典礼的).
5) _______________(其实我没必要穿上我最好的套装去参加那次聚会的); most of the guests were wearing jeans and sweaters.
五、虚拟语气
1) I wish _______________(我年轻的时候有你们这样的机会).
2) If only _______________(他知道这病是可以治好的)! Then he would not have killed himself.
3) —— Would you like him to paint your door with yellow stars?
—— I’d rather he _______________(漆成蓝色的，而且不带任何装饰).
4) It’s high time that _______________(采取措施解决交通堵塞的问题).
5) Hugh usually talks _______________(仿佛在大会上发表演说似的).
6) We insist that _______________(让杰克立刻进医院).
7) It was advised that _______________(在居民区设立更多的流动商店).
8) His proposal was that _______________(他们成立一个专门委员会来检查这个问题).
9) We are going to discuss his suggestion that _______________(取消期中考试).
10) It is ridiculous that _______________(我们在一个总是下雨的国家还缺水).
11) It is essential that _______________(每个人都为紧急情况做好准备).
12) _______________(如果他按照我告诉他的办法订票), we would have had quite a comfortable journey.
13) I was to have made a speech _______________(要不是有人把我的话打断了).
14) It didn’t rain last night. _______________(要是下了，地就会湿的).
15) _______________(如果我一直住在纽约), I would know the U.S. well now.
16) If the doctor had not come in time, _______________(他现在就不在人间了).
17) But for his help, _______________(我们就不会以这么低的价格租到房子了).
18) I used my calculator; _______________(否则，间才能算出这道题).
19) Were I in your place, _______________(我会毫不犹豫地抓住机会).
20) Had it not been for their opposition, _______________(这项法案早就通过了).
21) Should there be another world war, _______________(人类的继续存在就会有危险).
22) He walked lightly _______________(以免惊醒婴儿).