英语六级考试汉译英精讲（5）

六、不定式

1) to complete a 24-story building in 10 months
(考点：不定式作主语时常用it作形式主语放在句首代替不定式，而将不定式移到谓语后面)
2) for us to have a good night’s sleep before the test
(考点：有时用“介词for + 代词/名词”来表示不定式的逻辑主语，这时整句的谓语描述的对象是事情，这种情况下谓语中常用的形容词有：necessary, important, possible, impossible, all right, essential等)
3) of you to donate so much money to the people in the disaster area
(考点：有时用“介词of + 代词/名词”来表示不定式的逻辑主语，这时整句的谓语描述的对象是人，这种情况下谓语中常用的形容词有：absurd, bold, brave, careful, careless, cowardly, cruel, foolish, generous, good, honest, kind, nice, polite, rude, selfish, silly, stupid, thoughtful, thoughtless, wicked, wise, wrong等)
4) not to punish those students who had been late for class
(考点：1. 用不定式结构作decide的宾语;2.不定式的否定形式是在to前加not)
(能带不定式作宾语的动词常见的有：afford, agree, ask, attempt, beg, begin, bother, care, choose, claim, consent, decide, demand, desire, dislike, endeavor, expect, fail, fear, forget, happen, hate, help, hesitate, hope, intend, learn, like, love, manage, mean, neglect, offer, plan, pledge, prefer, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, remember, resolve, start, threaten, undertake, venture, volunteer, vow, want, wish)
5) whether to visit their son in France
(考点：“疑问词+不定式”作动词wonder的宾语。能以这种结构作宾语的动词通常有ask, consider, decide, discover, explain, forget, guess, know, learn, observe, remember, see, tell, understand, wonder等)
6) warned me just now not to water flowers at noon
(考点：不定式作宾语补语)
7) invited him to give us a lecture on modern art
(考点：同上)
(能带不定式结构作宾语补语的动词有advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, challenge, command, compel, enable, determine, encourage, expect, feel, find, force, get, hate, have, hear, help, inform invite, let, like, make, mean, need, notice, notify, oblige, order, permit, persuade, remind, request, require, see, send, teach, tell, tempt, trouble, urge, want, warn, watch, wish等。注：划线的动词后面的不定式不带to)
8) to be the chairman of students’ union in so large a university
(考点：动词 + it + 形容词/名词 + 不定式。it是形式宾语，不定式是真正宾语)
9) to apply what we have learned in class to practice
(考点：不定式作定语)
(不定式常用作以下名词/代词的定语：ability, ambition, anything, attempt, capability, chance, curiosity, desire, decision, determination, effort, failure, intention, need, nothing, opportunity, place, plan, promise, reason, right, something, tendency, time, way, wish等)
10) ruined our plan to show the film in the open air
(考点：同上)
11) the decision to build a nuclear power station in the suburbs
(考点：同上)
12) American woman to explore the outer space
(考点：由only, last, next，序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用不定式作定语)
13) only to drop it on their own feet
(考点：不定式作结果状语)
14) to meet a high school classmate in the mountain village
(考点：不定式作原因状语)
15) to have taken up so much of your time
(考点：1. 不定式作原因状语;2. 不定式的完成时)
16) to be standing in the doorway when he rushed in
(考点：不定式的进行式)
17) to be treated as a guest
(考点：不定式的被动形式)
18) go to the campus bookstore to buy used books
(考点：不带to的不定式)
19) but play bridge the whole day
(考点：同上)
20) to wipe our feet on the mat before going into the room
(考点：当动词see, make, hear等用于被动语态时，不定式要保留to)

七、分词
1) “Happy birthday to you” sung in Italian
(考点：分词作宾语补语)
(catch, discover, feel, find, get, have, hear, keep, leave, make, notice, see, watch等动词常用分词形式作宾语补语)
2) parked in the fire lane
(考点：分词作定语)
3) killing thousands upon thousands of people
(考点：分词作结果状语)
4) raising the average yield by 15 percent
(考点：同上)
5) trying to deduce its operating principle
(考点：分词作伴随状语)
6) Seeing that everyone was bending over his/her book
(考点：分词作原因状语)
7) Deeply moved by the boy’s deeds
(考点：同上)
8) Seen from the eyes of a young friend
(考点：分词作方式状语)
9) Not having heard from a long time
(考点：1. 分词作原因状语;2.分词的否定形式;3.现在分词的完成式)